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节能减排 4

可持续发展 3

减灾 2

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流形学习 2

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C-Bézier曲面；降阶；边界约束 1

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Pt–Ba–Ce/γ-Al₂O₃ 催化剂，物理化学性质，NO_x存储和还原，NO_x 排放，H₂ 还原剂 1

一水硬铝石 1

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AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT TO ACHIEVE FOOD SECURITY AND CARBON REDUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CHINA’

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 262-267 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023496

摘要：

● To achieve food security, Chinese agriculture– food system could not achieve C neutrality.

关键词： agriculture carbon neutrality carbon peak food security carbon mitigation strategies

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China’s pre-2020 CO

Hailin WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 571-578 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0640-0

摘要： China achieved the reduction of CO intensity of GDP by 45% compared with 2005 at the end of 2017, realizing the commitment at 2009 Copenhagen Conference on emissions reduction 3 years ahead of time. In future implementation of the “13th Five-Year Plan (FYP),” with the decline of economic growth rate, decrease of energy consumption elasticity and optimization of energy structure, the CO intensity of GDP will still have the potential for decreasing before 2020. By applying KAYA Formula decomposition, this paper makes the historical statistics of the GDP energy intensity decrease and CO intensity of energy consumption since 2005, and simulates the decrease of CO intensity of GDP in 2020 and its influences on achieving National Determined Contribution (NDC) target in 2030 with scenario analysis. The results show that China’s CO intensity of GDP in 2020 is expected to fall by 52.9%–54.4% than the 2005 level, and will be 22.9%–25.4% lower than 2015. Therefore, it is likely to overfulfill the decrease of CO intensity of GDP by 18% proposed in the 13th FYP period. Furthermore, the emission reduction potentiality before 2020 will be conducive to the earlier realization of NDC objectives in 2030. China’s CO intensity of GDP in 2030 will fall by over 70% than that in 2005, and CO emissions peak will appear before 2030 as early as possible. To accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy, China needs to make better use of the carbon market, and guide the whole society with carbon price to reduce emissions effectively. At the same time, China should also study the synergy of policy package so as to achieve the target of emission reduction.

关键词： China’s National Determined Contribution emission reduction potential scenario analysis CO₂ emissions peak

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Factors influencing peak bone mass gain

Xiaowei Zhu, Houfeng Zheng

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 53-69 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0748-y

摘要： Bone mass is a key determinant of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Epidemiologic studies have shown that a 10% increase in peak bone mass (PBM) at the population level reduces the risk of fracture later in life by 50%. Low PBM is possibly due to the bone loss caused by various conditions or processes that occur during adolescence and young adulthood. Race, gender, and family history (genetics) are responsible for the majority of PBM, but other factors, such as physical activity, calcium and vitamin D intake, weight, smoking and alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, age at menarche, and other secondary causes (diseases and medications), play important roles in PBM gain during childhood and adolescence. Hence, the optimization of lifestyle factors that affect PBM and bone strength is an important strategy to maximize PBM among adolescents and young people, and thus to reduce the low bone mass or osteoporosis risk in later life. This review aims to summarize the available evidence for the common but important factors that influence bone mass gain during growth and development and discuss the advances of developing high PBM.

关键词： peak bone mass children adolescents genetic risk factors

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我国电力碳达峰、碳中和路径研究

舒印彪,张丽英,张运洲,王耀华,鲁刚,元博,夏鹏

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第6期页码 1-14 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.001

摘要：

电力低碳转型对实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有全局性意义。本文在电力碳预算评估的基础上构建深度低碳、零碳、负碳 3 类电力转型情景，研判电力需求等关键边界条件，构建路径规划优化模型；采用 GESP-V 软件包进行优化分析，确定不同情景下包含电源结构、电力碳排放、电力供应成本在内的电力低碳转型路径；探讨并剖析煤电发展定位、新能源发展利用、清洁能源多元化供应、电力平衡等实现电力系统低碳转型亟待解决的重大问题。研究建议，加强顶层设计，稳妥规划转型节奏，保障电力供应安全；加强绿色低碳重大科技攻关，统筹电力全链条技术与产业布局；优化完善利益平衡统筹兼顾的市场机制，加快建设绿色金融政策保障体系。通过政策、技术、机制协同，推动中长期我国电力低碳转型的高质量发展。

关键词：碳达峰碳中和电力转型碳预算碳减排情景分析电力供应成本

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Hydrologic and water quality performance of alaboratory scale bioretention unit

Jun Xia, Hongping Wang, RichardL. Stanford, Guoyan Pan, Shaw L. Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1011-5

摘要： A bioretention unit (BRU) or cell is a green infrastructurepractice that is widely used as a low impact development (LID) techniquefor urban stormwater management. Bioretention is considered a goodfit for use in China’s sponge city construction projects. However,studies on bioretention design, which incorporates site-specific environmentaland social-economic conditions in China are still very much needed.In this study, an experimental BRU, consisted of two cells plantedwith and ,was tested with eighteen synthesizedstorm events. Three levels (high, median, low) of flows and concentrationsof pollutants (TN, TP and COD) were fed to the BRU and the performanceof which was examined. The results showed that the BRU not only delayedand lowered the peak flows but also removed TN, TP and COD in variousways and to different extents. Under the high, medium and low inflowrate conditions, the outflow peaks were delayed for at least 13 minutesand lowered at least 52%. The two cells stored a maximum of 231 mmand 265 mm for turf grass and respectively. For both cells the total depth available for storagewas 1,220 mm, including a maximum 110 mm deep ponding area. The largestinfiltrate rate was 206 mm/h for both cells with different plants.For the eighteen events, TP and COD were removed at least 60% and42% by mean concentration, and 65% and 49% by total load, respectively.In the reservoir layer, the efficiency ratio of removal of TN, TPand COD were 52%, 8% and 38%, respectively, within 5 days after runoffevents stopped. Furthermore, the engineering implication of the hydrologicaland water quality performances in sponge city construction projectsis discussed.

关键词： Bioretention unit Spongecity Stormwater runoff Peak reduction Pollutant removal

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An overview of the development history and technical progress of China’s coal-fired power industry

Weiliang WANG, Zheng LI, Junfu LYU, Hai ZHANG, Guangxi YUE, Weidou NI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 417-426 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0614-2

摘要： As the main power source of China, coal-fired power industry has achieved a great progress in installed capacity, manufacturing technologies, thermal efficiency, as well as pollutant control during the past century. With the fast development of renewable energies, coal-fired power industry is experiencing a strategic transformation. To specify the development of coal-fired power industry, its development history is reviewed and the technical progresses on aspects of thermal efficiency, pollutants control and peaking shaving capacity are discussed. It is concluded that the role of China’s coal-fired power source would be transformed from the dominant position to a base position in power source structure. Considering the sustainable development of coal-fired power industry in energy conservation, emission control, and utilization of renewable energies, it is suggested that the national average thermal efficiency should be improved by continual up-gradation of units by using advanced technologies and eliminating outdated capacity. Moreover, the emission standard of air pollutants should not be stricter any more in coal-fired power industry. Furthermore, the huge amount of combined heat and power (CHP) coal-fired units should be operated in a decoupled way, so as to release more than 350 GW regulation capacity for the grid to accept more renewable energy power.

关键词： coal-fired power development strategy eliminating outdated capacity peak shaving emission reduction renewable energy

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Zero increase in peak discharge for sustainable development

Xing Fang, Junqi Li, Yongwei Gong, Xiaoning Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0935-5

摘要： For urban land development, some or all natural land uses (primarily pervious) are converted into impervious areas which lead to increases of runoff volume and peak discharge. Most of the developed countries require a zero increase in peak discharge for any land development, and the policy has been implemented for several decades. The policy of zero increase in peak discharge can be considered as historical and early stage for the low impact development (LID) and sustainable development, which is to maintain natural hydrological conditions by storing a part or all of additional runoff due to the development on site. The paper will discuss the policy, the policy implementation for individual projects and their impact on regional hydrology. The design rainfalls for sizing LID facilities that are determined in 206 weather stations in USA are smaller than design rainfalls for sizing detention basins. The zero-increase policy links to financial responsibility and sustainability for construction of urban stormwater infrastructures and for reducing urban flooding. The policy was compared with current practices of urban development in China to shine the light for solving urban stormwater problems. The connections and differences among LID practices, the zero-increase policy, and the flood control infrastructure were discussed. We promote and advocate the zero-increase policy on peak discharge for comprehensive stormwater management in China in addition to LID.

关键词： Stormwater management Detention basin Zero increase Peak discharge Sustainable development Design rainfall

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Investigating peak stresses in fitting and repair patches of buried polyethylene gas pipes

Reza KHADEMI ZAHEDI, Pouyan ALIMOURI, Hooman KHADEMI ZAHEDI, Mohammad SHISHESAZ

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 147-168 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0587-6

摘要： Nowadays, polyethylene composes a large number of natural gas distribution pipelines installed under the ground. The focus of the present contribution is two fold. One of the objectives is to investigate the applicability of polyethylene fittings in joining polyethylene gas pipes which are electrofused onto the pipe ends and buried under the ground, by estimating stress distribution using finite element method. The second objective is to study the effectiveness of polyethylene repair patches which are used to mend the defected pipelines by performing a finite element analysis to calculate peak stress values. Buried polyethylene pipelines in the natural gas industry, can be imposed by sever loadings including the soil-structure interaction, traffic load, soil’s column weight, internal pressure, and thermal loads resulting from daily and/or seasonal temperature changes. Additionally, due to the application of pipe joints, and repair patches local stresses superimposed on the aforementioned loading effects. The pipe is assumed to be made of PE80 resin and its jointing socket, and the repair patch is PE100 material. The computational analysis of stresses and the computer simulations are performed using ANSYS commercial software. According to the results, the peak stress values take place in the middle of the fitting and at its internal surface. The maximum stress values in fitting and pipe are below the allowable stresses which shows the proper use of introduced fitting is applicable even in hot climate areas of Ahvaz, Iran. Although the buried pipe is imposed to the maximum values of stresses, the PE100 socket is more sensitive to a temperature drop. Furthermore, all four studied patch arrangements show significant reinforcing effects on the defected section of the buried PE gas pipe to transfer applied loads. Meanwhile, the defected buried medium density polyethylene gas pipe and its saddle fused patch can resist the imposed mechanical and thermal loads of 22°C temperature increase. Moreover, increasing the saddle fusion patch length to 12 inches reduces the maximum stress values in the pipe, significantly.

关键词： Ansys software polyethylene buried pipelines polyethylene joints polyethylene patches peak von Mises stress soil-pipe interaction temperature variation

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Control of peak pressures of an HCCI engine under varying swirl and operating parameters

T. KARTHIKEYA SHARMA,G. AMBA PRASAD RAO,K. MADHU MURTHY

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 337-346 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0401-2

摘要： The major advantages of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) are high efficiency in combination with low NO -emissions. However, one of the major challenges with HCCI is the control of higher peak pressures which may damage the engine, limiting the HCCI engine life period. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze computationally the effect of induction swirl in controlling the peak pressures of an HCCI engine under various operating parameters. A single cylinder 1.6 L reentrant piston bowl diesel engine is chosen. For computational analysis, the ECFM-3Z model of STAR –CD is considered because it is suitable for analyzing the combustion processes in SI and CI engines. As an HCCI engine is a hybrid version of SI and CI engines, the ECFM-3Z model with necessary modifications is used to analyze the peak pressures inside the combustion chamber. The ECFM-3Z model for HCCI mode of combustion is validated with the existing literature to make sure that the results obtained are accurate. Numerical experiments are performed to study the effect of varying properties like speed of the engine, piston bowl geometry, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and equivalence ratio under different swirl ratios in controlling the peak pressures inside the combustion chamber. The results show that the swirl ratio has a considerable impact on controlling the peak pressures of HCCI engine. A reduction in peak pressures are observed with a swirl ratio of 4 because of reduced in cylinder temperatures. The combined effect of four operating parameters, i.e., the speed of the engine, piston bowl geometry, EGR, and equivalence ratio with swirl ratios suggest that lower intake temperatures, reentrant piston bowl, higher engine speeds and higher swirl ratios are favorable in controlling the peak pressures.

关键词： HCCI engine ECFM-3Z Swirl ratio peak pressures engine speed piston bowl geometry

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峰谷电价体制下东北输油管网日输油优化研究

崔慧,吴长春,吴江林,孙青峰

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第8期页码 69-73

摘要：

东北原油长输管网是中国规模最大的地区性原油运输系统，就该管网基于峰谷电价体制下的运行现状，建立了线性规划数学模型，提出了日输油计划优化问题，并以铁秦线为例进行分析；初步揭示了峰谷电价体制下日输油计划方式的一些基本规律，表明在该体制下东北管网具有一定的节能降耗潜力。但该方式在一定程度上受到管道本身运行特性的约束，与热油管道相比它更适合于等温管道。

关键词：东北管网峰谷电价日输油优化

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Peak CO

Sheng ZHOU, Maosheng DUAN, Zhiyi YUAN, Xunmin OU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 740-758 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0558-y

摘要： This paper studies the pathways of peaking CO emissions of Dezhou city in China, by employing a bottom-up sector analysis model and considering future economic growth, the adjustment of the industrial structure, and the trend of energy intensity. Two scenarios (a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario and a CO mitigation scenario (CMS)) are set up. The results show that in the BAU scenario, the final energy consumption will peak at 25.93 million tons of coal equivalent (Mtce) (16% growth versus 2014) in 2030. In the CMS scenario, the final energy will peak in 2020 at 23.47 Mtce (9% lower versus peak in the BAU scenario). The total primary energy consumption will increase by 12% (BAU scenario) and decrease by 3% (CMS scenario) in 2030, respectively, compared to that in 2014. In the BAU scenario, CO emission will peak in 2025 at 70 million tons of carbon dioxide (MtCO ), and subsequently decrease gradually in 2030. In the CMS scenario, the peak has occurred in 2014, and 60 MtCO will be emitted in 2030. Active policies including restructuring the economy, improving energy efficiency, capping coal consumption, and using more low-carbon /carbon free fuel are recommended in Dezhou city peaked CO emission as early as possible.

关键词： carbon dioxide emission energy consumption peak CO₂ emission low-carbon transition Dezhou city China

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A comprehensive simulator for assessing the reliability of a photovoltaic panel peak power tracking system

Nabil KAHOUL,Mourad HOUABES,Ammar NEÇAIBIA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 170-179 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0353-y

摘要： When designing a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, it is often difficult to correctly predict, before field testing, the behavior of this MPPT under varying solar irradiation on photovoltaic (PV) panels. A solution to this problem is to design a maximum power point trackers simulator of a PV system used to test MPPT algorithms. This simulator must have the same role as the MPPT card of the PV panel and thus will fully emulate the response of a real MPPT card of the PV panel. Therefore, it is a good substitute to help to test the peak power trackers of the PV system in the laboratory. This paper describes a simple peak power trackers simulator of the PV system which has a short response time thus, can be used to test MPPT algorithms under very rapid variation condition. The obtained results and the theoretical operation confirm the reliability and the superior performance of the proposed model.

关键词： photovoltaic module DC-DC converter design maximum power point tracking (MPPT) card microprocessor

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基于碳排放达峰约束的2030年中国能源供需模型及实证研究

陈进行

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第4期页码 512-517 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.019

摘要：

综合考虑经济发展、技术进步、政策目标、资源禀赋、环境容量等方面因素，设计了中国能源供需模型，构建了碳排放提前达峰和既定达峰两种情景。应用模型对两种情景下的能源供需和碳排放进行了分析，结果显示：2030年前一次能源和电力需求将持续增长，电力需求增速将显著快于一次能源需求；低碳化是能源供需结构变化的基本特征，2030年前非化石能源将超过石油成为第二大能源；选择能效更高的能源消费模式和更加低碳的能源供应方式，能源消费产生的碳排放可能在2025年左右提前达峰；电源结构的低碳化是碳排放尽早达峰、降低峰值的关键因素。

关键词：碳排放达峰能源供需模型情景

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中部地区崛起的能源需求及碳达峰路径研究

程云鹤,董洪光,耿纪超,何继善

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第1期页码 68-78 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.01.014

摘要：

能源革命是经济、社会、环境协调可持续发展的内在要求，其实施需要与地区发展战略相结合，统筹规划、协同发展。本文运用 Kaya 恒等式，将中部地区崛起的能源消费需求分解为生产性、生活性两部分，考虑中部地区的国内生产总值（ GDP）增长、产业结构、城镇化、能源效率、人均收入、生活能源等驱动因素，构建中部地区崛起的能源需求情景，据此分析能源革命背景下的低碳发展路径。结果表明：随着城镇化、工业化发展路径的延续，中部地区 5 个省份的能源需求量将持续上升，2035 年能源需求总量约为 8.4×10⁸~1.01×10⁹ tce；构建多元能源供应体系将助力实现能源清洁低碳安全高效、支持 2030 年前实现碳排放拐点等目标。针对性提出发展建议：大力发展节能技术、清洁能源技术、可再生能源技术；优化产业结构，构建多能互补体系；加大能源体制改革，实现区域能源共济。

关键词：能源革命中部崛起 Kaya 恒等式情景分析碳达峰